РОГАНЬ У XVIII–XIX ст.

Анотація

Населений пункт Рогань з часу заснування був поміщицьким селом, але мав характер слободи. З 80-х років XVIII ст. Рогань стала кріпосним селом князів Кантемірів, пізніше – Пассеків і князя Шаховського. У другій половині ХІХ ст. мешканці Рогані частково стають найманими робітниками місцевої фабрики чи харківських підприємств. Але до початку Першої світової війни головним заняттям мешканців Рогані залишається землеробство.

Ключові слова: слобода, село, річка, землеробство, фабрика, Кантеміри, Пессеки.

Населённый пункт Рогань со времени своего возникновения был помещицким селом и первые полвека имел характер слободы. С 80-х лет XVIII века Рогань превратилась в крепостное село князей Кантемиров, позднее – Пассеков и князя Шаховского. Во второй половине ХІХ ст. жители Рогани частично становятся наёмными работниками местной фабрики или харьковских предприятий. Но до начала Первой мировой войны основным занятим жителей Рогани остаётся земледелие.

Ключевые слова: слобода, село, река, земледелие, фабрика, Кантемиры, Пассеки.

The theme of work is an essay on the history of the village Rohan. The source base, unfortunately, is limited to episodic news, which complicates the reproduction of themе in stages of the village history in the 18th-19th centuries. The basis of the theme coverage, along with reports of sources, is the regional studies studios of the early 20th century. Rohan arose on the ground, which the tsarist government took away from the Kharkiv slobidskyy cossack regiment and gave to the princes of Cantemirs, political emigrants from Moldova. The border character of the Kharkiv region determined the type of settlements established by Cantemir – sloboda, population of which consisted mainly of Ukrainians. Residents of Rohan experienced all the stages of the tsarism offensive on the identity of Sloboda Ukraine. The elimination of the regimental cossack system brought serfdom to Rohan residents, from which they freed only in the course of the reform of 1861. With the termination of the Cantemir family line, in the first half of the 19th century Rohan belonged to their relatives– the Passekas, as well as to the princes of the Shakhovskyys. As before, the population of Rohan was engaged in agriculture and related crafts. The number of settlements, that were growing around Rohan, has reached the amount of twenty-six. During the reform of 1861, the landlords gave land to thirty two families of yard peasants who began assimilating the left bank of the river Rohan. Starting from 1851, Rohan agricultural character was complemented by the emergence of the first industrial object – a paper mill. Its founder was the local landowner L. Passek. The factory manufactured a wrapping paper for the packaging of tea, sugar and tobacco. At first serfs worked at the factory and then employed men, women and children from the locals. The factory inspection repeatedly pointed out to the owners of the factory the need to carry out work to reduce the waste water pollution of the river Rohan. As in other landowning villages of the Kharkiv region, there were no schools in Rohan. Only at the beginning of the 20th century a library facility was opened at the expense of the zemstvo. Thus, in the second half of the 19th century the inhabitants of Rohan partly became workers of the paper mill and partly were hired at the enterprises of Kharkiv. But the majority of the population continued farming until 1914.

Key words: sloboda, village, river, farming, factory, the Cantemirs, the Passekas.