КАФЕДРА СУСПІЛЬНИХ НАУК ХАРКІВСЬКОГО ХУДОЖНЬОГО ІНСТИТУТУ В ПЕРШЕ ПОВОЄННЕ ДЕСЯТИЛІТТЯ (1945 – 1955 рр.)

Анотація

У статті досліджено розвиток кафедри суспільних наук Харківського художнього інституту у перше повоєнне десятиліття, період на який прийшовся апофеоз тоталітарного режиму та культ особи Й. Сталіна. Проаналізовано навчально-методичну та наукову діяльність викладачів кафедри, основні напрями наукових праць. Досліджено розвиток суспільних науки у конкретний час, пов’язаний з початком «холодної війни», яка вплинула на розвиток суспільних наук у СРСР та інших країнах. У статті показана конкретна роль сталінізму в організації наступу на інакодумство, пошуку «внутрішніх ворогів», боротьбу з космополітизмом.

Ключові слова: суспільні науки, тоталітаризм, культ особи, «холодна війна», космополітизм.

В статье исследовано развитие кафедры общественных наук Харьковского художественного института в первое послевоенное десятилетие, период на который пришелся апофеоз тоталитарного режима и культа личности И. Сталина. Проанализирована учебнометодическая и научная деятельность преподавателей кафедры, основные направления научных работ. Показано развитие общественных наук в конкретное время, связанное с началом «холодной войны», оказавшей влияние на общественные науки в СССР и других странах. В статье показана роль сталинизма в организации наступления на инакомыслие, поиска «внутренних врагов», борьбе с космополитизмом.

Ключевые слова: общественные науки, тоталитаризм, культ личности, «холодная война», космополитизм.

This scientific paper delves into the studies of the evolution of the Department for Social Sciences of the Kharkov Art Institute during the first postwar decade of the apotheosis of the totalitarian regime and Stalin personality cult. Teaching, methodical and scientific activities of the academics working for the department and the main of their research papers were analyzed. The development of social sciences at the time of beginning of the cold war that had an impact on the development of social sciences in the USSR and other countries has been investigated. This scientific paper is devoted to the role of Stalinism in organizing the attack the ideological dissension, and search for «internal enemies» to fight the cosmopolitism. Ideological campaigns in 40ies – 50ies of the XX century had a negative influence on the development of social sciences affecting thus the activities of Kharkov historians and social scientists. Undoubtedly, social sciences that served the interests of a rigid administrative and commanding system had serious drawbacks. However, it should be noted that other sciences that far from the policymaking failed to get mistakes and exerted by the State. The social science at the institutions of higher education fulfilled important ideological functions to educate young generation. In conditions of confrontation between the USSR and the USA the departments of social sciences were assigned a special role in the disclosure of «bourgeois ideology», fighting the «anti-patriotism» and «cosmopolitanism». At the end of 40ies and at the beginning of 50ies the country launched the campaign for the starch of «internal enemies». During the analyzed decade the social science was developed at the Institutions of Higher Education as a single stream of the entire science. The decisions taken by the Party and the government on ideological issues had an essential influence on the development of social sciences and were aimed at the improvement of the teaching process in the spirit dictated and required by the government. The period in question is characterized by a gradual improvement of teaching-&-methodical and research activities. More rigid requirements were set to the quality of thesis, scientific topicality and research. The scope of studied topics was extended and it can be seen on the example of the activities carried out by the Department for Social Sciences at the Kharkov Institute of Art. Through-out the period of 1945 to 1955 the Department for Social Sciences at the Kharkov Institute of Art had highly qualified specialists that lectured the students on the «Basics of Marxism-Leninism»; «Dialectic and Historical Materialism»; «Political Economy»; and «Marxist – Leninist Ethics». In spite of objective and subjective difficulties first after-war decade can be considered as time of collection and accumulation of scientific potential.

Key words: social sciences, totalitarianism, personality cult, cold war, and the cosmopolitism.