Title: Synthesis, Chemical Composition, and Applications of α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP)
Introduction
The demand for novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been increasing over the past decade, with α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) emerging as one of the most popular and widely available NPS worldwide. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, chemical composition, and applications of α-PVP synthesis alpha pvp.
Synthesis of α-PVP
α-PVP is a synthetic cathinone, structurally similar to methcathinone, but with an additional pyrrolidine ring. It is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions starting with the reduction of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene to 1-phenyl-2-aminopropane using iron or hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting amine is then acylated with pivaloyl chloride to produce N-pivaloyl-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane. Finally, the pivaloyl group is removed through hydrolysis, and the resulting amine is cyclized to form α-PVP.
Chemical Composition of α-PVP
The chemical formula of α-PVP is C15H21NO and its molar mass is 231.33 g/mol. Its structure consists of a phenethyl group attached to a pyrrolidinyl ring through a ketone group. The presence of the pyrrolidinyl ring and the ketone group makes α-PVP highly lipophilic, allowing it to easily cross the blood-brain barrier and exert its psychoactive effects.
Pharmacology of α-PVP
α-PVP is a potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, leading to increased levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft and resulting in stimulant effects. It also has weak serotonin reuptake inhibition properties, contributing to its psychoactive effects. The half-life of α-PVP is approximately 3-4 hours, and its onset of action is rapid, usually within 15-30 minutes of ingestion.
Applications of α-PVP
α-PVP has been used as a research chemical in various scientific studies due to its unique pharmacological properties. It has been used to investigate the mechanisms of dopamine reuptake inhibition and its role in addiction. Additionally, α-PVP has been used as a reference standard for forensic analysis and as a positive control in toxicological screening.
In the medical field, α-PVP has been investigated as a potential treatment for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression due to its ability to increase dopamine levels in the brain. However, its addictive potential and lack of clinical data have hindered its development as a therapeutic agent.
Conclusion
α-PVP is a highly potent synthetic cathinone with unique pharmacological properties. Its synthesis involves a series of chemical reactions, and its chemical composition consists of a phenethyl group attached to a pyrrolidinyl ring through a ketone group. α-PVP has been used in scientific research as a research chemical and positive control in toxicological screening. While its potential therapeutic applications have been investigated, its addictive potential and lack of clinical data have hindered its development as a therapeutic agent.
In conclusion, α-PVP is a complex and multifaceted substance with a wide range of applications in scientific research and potential therapeutic uses. Further research is necessary to fully understand its potential benefits and risks, and to develop safe and effective treatments for neurological disorders.
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Title: Synthesis, Chemical Composition, and Applications of α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP)
Introduction
The demand for novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been increasing over the past decade, with α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) emerging as one of the most popular and widely available NPS worldwide. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, chemical composition, and applications of α-PVP synthesis alpha pvp.
Synthesis of α-PVP
α-PVP is a synthetic cathinone, structurally similar to methcathinone, but with an additional pyrrolidine ring. It is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions starting with the reduction of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene to 1-phenyl-2-aminopropane using iron or hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting amine is then acylated with pivaloyl chloride to produce N-pivaloyl-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane. Finally, the pivaloyl group is removed through hydrolysis, and the resulting amine is cyclized to form α-PVP.
Chemical Composition of α-PVP
The chemical formula of α-PVP is C15H21NO and its molar mass is 231.33 g/mol. Its structure consists of a phenethyl group attached to a pyrrolidinyl ring through a ketone group. The presence of the pyrrolidinyl ring and the ketone group makes α-PVP highly lipophilic, allowing it to easily cross the blood-brain barrier and exert its psychoactive effects.
Pharmacology of α-PVP
α-PVP is a potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, leading to increased levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft and resulting in stimulant effects. It also has weak serotonin reuptake inhibition properties, contributing to its psychoactive effects. The half-life of α-PVP is approximately 3-4 hours, and its onset of action is rapid, usually within 15-30 minutes of ingestion.
Applications of α-PVP
α-PVP has been used as a research chemical in various scientific studies due to its unique pharmacological properties. It has been used to investigate the mechanisms of dopamine reuptake inhibition and its role in addiction. Additionally, α-PVP has been used as a reference standard for forensic analysis and as a positive control in toxicological screening.
In the medical field, α-PVP has been investigated as a potential treatment for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression due to its ability to increase dopamine levels in the brain. However, its addictive potential and lack of clinical data have hindered its development as a therapeutic agent.
Conclusion
α-PVP is a highly potent synthetic cathinone with unique pharmacological properties. Its synthesis involves a series of chemical reactions, and its chemical composition consists of a phenethyl group attached to a pyrrolidinyl ring through a ketone group. α-PVP has been used in scientific research as a research chemical and positive control in toxicological screening. While its potential therapeutic applications have been investigated, its addictive potential and lack of clinical data have hindered its development as a therapeutic agent.
In conclusion, α-PVP is a complex and multifaceted substance with a wide range of applications in scientific research and potential therapeutic uses. Further research is necessary to fully understand its potential benefits and risks, and to develop safe and effective treatments for neurological disorders.
Відповіді
Re: Re: Re: Directory of onion sites in darkweb | deep web links deep web access
як Kurt Lambert (2024-04-09)
Unveiling the Enigmatic CAS 28578-16-7: A Journey into the Realm of Molecular Marvels Introduction: Unraveling the Mysteries In the vast landscape of chemical compounds, there exists a hidden... Далі...