СТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОЧУТТЯ ЦІННОСТІ ВЛАСНОГО ЖИТТЯ У СТУДЕНТІВ

Анотація

У статті показані результати емпіричного дослідження почуття цінності власного життя у студентів. Цінність власного життя розуміється як складне системне утворення, пов'язане з життям людини в цілому. У ньому синтезовані парціальні цінності, які релевантні окремим сторонам людського життя. Синтезуючись в цінності власного життя, парціальні цінності об’єднуються у декілька смислових груп певної тематичної спрямованості.

Структуру цінності власного життя студентів утворюють шість латентних змінних. Ідентифіковані чотири типи переживання почуття цінності власного життя у студентів, на яких може базуватися диференціально-психологічний підхід до цього явища.

Ключові слова: почуття цінності власного життя, структура цінності власного життя у студентів, типи переживання цінності власного життя у студентів.

The Aim of the study is to study the structure of the sense of value of one’s own life, empirically identifying the types of experiencing this feeling among students. One of the important lines of the formation of the personality in the student's age is the development of a sense of value of one’s own life. The value of their own life is characterized by integrity and consistency. This feeling gives a person the opportunity to respond to the challenges of life, to discover the meaning in them. This is a structure that consists of several components, but at the same time it is relevant to the whole life in general.

Research methods. The author’s questionnaire was used, 50 points of which were formulated based on the answers of experts (academic and practicing psychologists) to the question “Why do people value their lives?”. The items in this questionnaire are various options for the continuation of the phrase “For me to value my life, this means ...”. Each of the options for the continuation of the phrase was evaluated by the subjects using the Likert scale, which has 5 gradations: 1 - no, 2 - rather than no, yes, 3 - something in between, 4 - more likely than not, and 5 - yes. The study included 149 students from several Kharkov universities aged 17 to 46 years old (cf. - 23.66 ± 7.36), 101 women and 48 men.

The results of the study. It is shown that a sense of the value of one’s own life includes and synthesizes individual values and meanings. They reflect specific aspects of human life (significant people, objects, professional occupations, hobbies, their own abilities and qualities, ways of taking care of themselves, memories, plans for the future, health, etc.). Separate values and meanings included in the value system of one’s own life are grouped into groups with a common thematic focus. There were such topics as control over one’s own organism, transcendental and existential experiences, achievements and social success, effective functioning of the organism and personality, interconnection with other people, isolation from other people. The age and gender differences in what particular values are synthesized into the value system of students' own lives are revealed. Latent variables have been established that determine the diversity of manifestations of a sense of the value of a student’s own life. These are: 1) “Activity, Wealth, Power, Prestige”; 2) “Cohesion, Friendship, Love, Family”; 3) "Physical, Health, Rest"; 4) “Control, Information, Self-Regulation, Self-development”; 5) “Choice, Existentiality, Satisfaction”; 6) "Avoidance, detachment, stealth." Identified types of experiencing a sense of the value of their own lives among students - through "Health and cohesion", through "Power and distancing", using "Existentiality and self-regulation", through "Detachment".

Keywords: sense of value of one’s own life, structure of value of one’s own life among students, types of experiencing the value of one’s own life among students.