ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НОЧІВЕЛЬНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ САМЦІВ ТА САМОК ПТАХІВ В ПЕРІОД РОЗМНОЖЕННЯ

О. О. Брезгунова

Анотація


Ночівельна поведінка птахів в період розмноження залишається мало відомою. Проведено огляд літератури щодо ночівельної поведінки самок і самців в період розмноження. У більшості видів птахів в період розмноження оби-два члени пари ночують в межах гніздової території. Водночас будування гнізд, платформ чи дупел, що викори-стовуються саме для ночівлі, є більш характерним для видів родин Ploceidae, Troglodytidae, Picidae, Rallidae та лунів р. Circus (Accipitridae). У представників родин Aegithalidae, Sittidae та Apodidae пари найчастіше ночують в гнізді чи впритул до нього. Серед видів, самці яких віддають перевагу колективним ночівлям в період розмно-ження, переважають представники родин Corvidae, Sturnidae, Turdidae, Hirundinidae, Cathartidae. Результати тесту хі-квадрат свідчать, що зв’язку між типом біотопу (лісові та усі інші біотопи) та участю птаха, що не насиджує, в формуванні колективних ночівель немає. Не знайдена залежність такої поведінки від колоніального типу гніз-дування. В цілому для більшості видів птахів залишається невідомим, як змінюється ночівельна поведінка зале-жно від циклу розмноження (перший, другий і т.ін., чи повторний), від стадії розмноження (відкладка яєць, на-сиджування кладки, обігрів пташенят, пташенята за декілька днів до виходу з гнізда), від відстані між гніздовою територію (чи саме гніздом) та місцем колективної ночівлі, від індивідуальних особливостей поведінки птаха. Для видів з вивченою ночівельною поведінкою (сорока, дрозди чорні, ластівки берегові) показано, що можливі обидві стратегії ночівельної поведінки для особини, що не насиджує вночі, - ночівля в межах гніздової території або перебування на місці колективної ночівлі. Для таких видів продемонстровано, що з дорослішанням пташенят вірогідність того, що їх залишать на ніч одних, збільшується. Обидва варіанти ночівельної поведінки (ночівля в межах гніздової території та на колективній ночівлі) описані для окремих видів шпакових, дроздових, воронових, ластівкових, бджолоїдкових, мартинових.

Ключові слова


колективні ночівлі, ночівлі самців, ночівлі самок, період розмноження, ночівельні гнізда,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34142/2708-5848.2025.27.1.02

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