СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СЛОВОТВІРНОГО ГНІЗДА З ВЕРШИНОЮ «ЗИМА»

Анотація

Статтю присвячено актуальній проблемі вивчення словотвірного гнізда як важливої комплексної одиниці загальної системи сучасного словотвору на прикладі словотвірного гнізда з вершиною «зима». У роботі досліджено дериваційну спроможність твірної бази, простежено структурно-семантичні відношення між членами гнізда, розглянуто особливості словотвірної семантики похідних, установлено глибину словотвірного гнізда, що відповідає чотирьом дериваційним крокам, визначено найпродуктивніші способи морфологічного словотворення дериватів різної частиномовної належності.

Ключові слова: словотвірне гніздо, словотвірна парадигма, словотвірний ланцюжок, словотвірне значення, рівні словотворення.

The article is devoted to the analysis of structural and semantic peculiarities of derivative family of words with «zyma» (winter) top-word as an important complex unit of general system of modern word formation. It is found out that noun «zyma» (winter) is an active motivational base for 116 derivative words. The substantives have the most derivatives; the adverbs have the least ones. Within the family of words derivatives can be at four derivational stages relative to the top, the main word-forming processes are at the first and second derivational stages in the family of words. The family consists of 24 derivational paradigms and 81 derivational chains mainly of two and three-component elements both the same and different parts of speech. Only morphological methods of word-forming: 1) suffix; 2) prefix; 3) postfix; 4) compounding; 5) prefix-suffixal are used in forming derivative family of words. The most productive is the suffixal method of word-forming (the most substantives and adjectives are formed by means of it), the least productive is the postfix one (only few verbal lexemes). The prefixal method is the most productive in the verbal cluster. Formants, with the help of which cognate derivatives are formed, realize various derivational meanings of objective, attributive, procedural semantics. Within the analysed family of words the cases of non-regular and double motivation of derivatives, divergence of formal and semantic motivation, and associative motivation are revealed. Derivatives with the same meaning forming synonymic rows, a significant number of phonetic and derivational variants that mainly reflect the word-forming tendencies of certain regions in Ukraine are recorded. The analysis of word-forming means and derivative meanings of the derivative family of words being analysed allows us to state that its top is a productive motivational base, it has wide connecting possibilities, as a result, the derivational family of words with «zyma» (winter) top-word is open for replenishment with new derivative units.

Key words: derivative family of words, derivational paradigm, derivational chain, word-formative meaning, derivational stage.